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 Definition and Functions

   A Load Break Switch (LBS) is a key device in power systems designed to safely interrupt load currents, widely used in medium and low-voltage distribution scenarios. Its core function is to cut off load currents during circuit maintenance or faults, ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel. Unlike isolation switches, LBS can operate under load but cannot interrupt short-circuit currents; it must be used in conjunction with fuses for overcurrent protection.

Working Principle and Structure

Arc Extinguishing

     Mechanism:Pneumatic arc extinguishing: High-velocity gas flow (e.g., dry air) generated by piston compression extinguishes the arc. The design of arc contacts reduces wear on main contacts, extending maintenance intervals.

     SF₆ technology: Traditionally, sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) was used as the arc-extinguishing medium. However, due to its high greenhouse effect, environmentally friendly products now use dry air as a substitute, with a leakage rate ≤ 0.01%, aligning with global carbon reduction trends.

Structural Composition:

    It mainly includes moving/stationary contacts, arc contacts, a piston (for pneumatic types), an operating mechanism (manual/electric), and an arc-extinguishing chamber. Some models integrate an earthing switch and support remote control.

Types and Classifications

By arc-extinguishing medium:

    Pneumatic (dry air): Environmentally friendly, used in systems of 12kV and below (e.g., ABB's Safe Air series).

    SF₆-based: Traditional technology, still used in some high-voltage scenarios.

    Vacuum-based: Suitable for frequent operation.

By installation type:

    Outdoor type: High protection rating, adapted to harsh environments.

    Indoor type: Used in substations or distribution cabinets.

By operation method:

    Manual: Suitable for small-scale systems.

    Electric/pneumatic: Support remote control, used in smart grids.